融合株SPSC发酵生产酒精的工艺研究 Ⅰ.絮凝速率、发酵过程的最适温度和pH值

酿酒酵母属(S. cereviae)变异株和粟酒裂殖酵母属(S. pombe)变异株进行属间原生质体融合得到融合株SPSC,该融合株比S. cereviae具有强的自身絮凝能力。以葡萄糖浓度150g/L的底物在30～44℃的温度范围内进行摇瓶厌氧发酵,获得最佳温度范围为34～38℃,最高发酵温度为40℃。在有效容积2.35L悬浮床反应器中,在pH值3.0～5.0范围内进行连续发酵,获得最适发酵pH为3.5～4.5。     

微菌落观察法快速检测和鉴别结核杆菌培养物的研究

将取自肺结核患者的219例痰标本接种匡氏琼脂平板,共分离到112例结核菌生长物。其中培养法104例(92.8％)阳性,微菌落观察法108例(96.4％)阳性,微菌落法阳性率稍高。培养法和微菌落法阳性标本首次检出时间分别为18.6d和11d,微菌落检出时间更短(P<0.01)。常规菌型鉴别方法与微菌落法对结核杆菌菌型鉴别的符合率为99％。     

Identification of molecular markers in soybean comparing RFLP,RAPD and AFLP DNA mapping techniques

Three different DNA mapping techniques—RFLP, RAPD and AFLP—were used on identical soybean germplasm to compare their ability to identify markers in the development of a genetic linkage map. Polymorphisms present in fourteen different soybean cultivars were demonstrated using all three techniques. AFLP, a novel PCR-based technique, was able to identify multiple polymorphic bands in a denaturing gel using 60 of 64 primer pairs tested. AFLP relies on primers designed in part on sequences for endonuclease restriction sites and on three selective nucleotides. The 60 diagnostic primer pairs tested for AFLP analysis each distinguished on average six polymorphic bands. Using specific primers designed for soybean fromEco RI andMse I restriction site sequences and three selective nucleotides, as many as 12 polymorphic bands per primer could be obtained with AFLP techniques. Only 35% of the RAPD reactions identified a polymorphic band using the same soybean cultivars, and in those positive reactions, typically only one or two polymorphic bands per gel were found. Identification of polymorphic bands using RFLP techniques was the most cumbersome, because Southern blotting and probe hybridization were required. Over 50% of the soybean RFLP probes examined failed to distinguish even a single polymorphic band, and the RFLP probes that did distinguish polymorphic bands seldom identified more than one polymorphic band. We conclude that, among the three techniques tested, AFLP is the most useful.     

Genetic and clonal diversity in Korean populations ofVitex rotundifolia (Verbenaceae)

Vitex rotundifolia L.f. is a woody perennial and has sexual and asexual modes of reproduction. Allozyme study was conducted on 550 plants in 13 Korean populations. The levels of genetic variability and divergence within and among populations, respectively, are considerably lower and higher than the mean values for woody plants with similar life history tralts. Mean percentage of polymorphic loci (P _P), mean number of alleles per locus (A _P), and mean genetic diversity (He _P) within populations ofV. rotundifolia were: 16.7%, 1.21, and 0.047. On average, about 79% of the total variation inV. rotundifolia was common to all populations (meanG _ST=0.208). In addition, significant differences in allele frequencies among populations were found in all polymorphic loci examined (P<0.001). On the other hand, levels of genotypic diversity within and among populations were moderate. About 44% (18/41) of multilocus genotypes were “local genotypes” (genotypes occurring in only one population), whereas only one “widespread genotype” (genotypes occurring in more than 75% of the populations) were detected. The mean number of multilocus genotypes per population (G) and mean genotypic diversity index (D _G) were 8.4 and 0.74, respectively. Most common multilocus genotypes found in populations were homozygous for five polymorphic loci. The abundance of ramets of these genets is responsible for the low levels of expected heterozygosity within populations. The results indicate that clonal reproduction may act as an enhancer of genetic drift by reducing effective size of local populations ofV. rotundifolia.     

固定化虫荧光素酶光纤传感器

固定化虫荧光素酶光纤传感器蔡谨,王顺光,杨歧生,吉鑫松（浙江大学化工系生化教研室,杭州３１００２７;中国科学院上海生物化学研究所,２０００３１）关键词虫荧光素酶,ＡＴＰ,固定化酶,光纤生物传感器ＡＴＰ是生物体内极为重要的能量物质。如何准确快速地定量Ａ...     

细胞骨架对凝血酶诱导人血小板分泌反应的调节(英文)

本文利用血小板表面外露的GMP-140为血小板分泌反应的特异性标志,通过放射免疫分析法定量测定血小板表面GMP-140分子数,研究了细胞骨架抑制剂对凝血酶诱导血小板分泌反应的影响。结果表明,凝血酶激活使血小板表面GMP-140的外露明显增加,反应迅速,并在一定范围内呈剂量和时间依赖性;而ADP刺激则几乎不引起GMP-140外露的增加。凝血酶激活前加入不同的细胞骨架抑制剂处理可产生不同的效应:细胞松驰素B(肌动蛋白微丝抑制剂)可明显上调凝血酶诱导的GMP-140外露;而秋水仙素(微管抑制剂)则下调GMP-140的外露;两者同时处理仍呈现明显的上调作用。提示凝血酶作为一种强激活剂,不仅可通过受体-G蛋白-第二信使的途径启动血小板分泌反应,而且可能经诱导肌动蛋白微丝的形成对分泌反应起反馈性负调节作用。微管的存在则可能对凝血酶诱导的分泌反应起促进作用。虽然两种细胞骨架的作用相反,但以微丝的作用为主,两者间无相互拮抗现象。     

拟夏孢锈属（Uredinopsis）新记录种

采到骨状拟夏孢锈（Ｕｒｅｄｉｎｏｐｓｉｓ ｏｓｓｉｆｏｒｍｉｓ Ｋａｍｅｉ）为中国新记录种。     

钙调素对细胞周期的调节

RC3细胞是一种用真核表达载体1~(CaM)转染NIH 3T3细胞建成的可调钙凋素(Calmodulin,CaM)高表达细胞模型。通过分子杂交及蛋白免疫印迹方法证实在地塞米松(Dexamethasome,DXM)作用下,RC3细胞可高表达CaM。CaM的过表达使G_1期细胞减少,S期细胞增加;CaM拮抗剂三氟拉嗪(trifluoperazine,TFP)则使G_1期细胞增加,S期细胞减少。高表达CaM使细胞分裂指数提高,G_2期细胞减少,有丝分裂前期细胞增加,M中期细胞比例下降。而TFP处理则使分裂指数下降,G_2期细胞增加,M前期细胞减少,M中期细胞增加。实验结果表明CaM在G_1/S、G_2/M和M中期/M后期3个位点上对细胞周期进行调控;通过加速G_1至S期,G_2至M期和M中期至M后期的进程,使细胞倍增时间缩短,促进细胞增殖。本工作表明,RC3细胞作为CaM表达可调细胞模型,是研究细胞周期调控的有力工具。     

长白山常绿针叶树越冬期间光合能力的抑制

在长白山地区以红皮云杉、樟子松为材料,研究其冬季光合能力的变化,探讨了除红松外的其它针叶树是否在冬季也存在光合抑制以及遮荫是否可减轻抑制等问题,结果表明,红皮云杉、樟子松有与红松相似的冬季光合抑制,但程度较轻;遮荫对减轻光合抑制非常有效,可以推测,在长白山地区或冬季气候与之相似的地区,常绿针叶树在冬季均可能表现光合抑制,遭受冬季光氧化伤害,并且其释放的ＣＯ２（光越强,释放量越大）是空气中ＣＯ２含量     

A组轮状病毒SA11VP6基因的克隆和表达

从ＳＡ１１ＶＰ６基因全序列克隆开始,设计一对两端带有酶切位点的引物,逆转录ＰＣＲ扩增出ＶＰ６全基因ＣＤＮＡ。经酶切后插入ＰＵＣ１９,构建了ＶＰ６全基因克隆ＰＲＡ６。再经酶切后插入痘苗病毒载休质凿ＰＪＳＡ１１７５中。利用Ｌｉｐｏｆｅｃｔｉｎ导入ＴＫ１４３细胞,利用ＴＫ基因和Ｌａｃ基因作为重组病毒的筛选标记。表达产物用单克隆抗体ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测,发现细胞培养上清和细胞裂解液都是阳性。Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ ｂ